0:00
They're all the same thing
1:15
Layer 1: LLM — Word prediction machine
2:52
Layer 2: Context — A genius with no memory
4:37
Layer 3: Prompt — What you say to the LLM
5:46
Layer 4: Function Calling — Where everything begins
8:45
Layer 5: MCP — The USB-C moment for AI
10:06
Layer 6: Agent — The loop on repeat
11:40
Layer 7: Skill — Pre-written rules
13:17
The Big Picture
14:38
Two questions that cut through any buzzword
The AI Stack Explained: LLM Talks, Program Walks
A first-principles breakdown of the entire AI stack in 15 minutes — from LLM to Agent. One mental model: the LLM can only output text, the program does everything else.
LLM. Token. Context. Prompt. Function Calling. MCP. Agent. Skill — 8 concepts, 1 pattern.
An LLM can only output text. It can’t browse the web, call APIs, or take any action. The program around it does everything else. LLM talks, program walks. That loop is how the entire AI world runs.
This video peels back every layer of the AI stack from the bottom up, building a mental model that makes any new buzzword transparent.
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